English Teaching: Practice and Critique
Knowledge through “know how”: Systemic functional grammatics and the symbolic reading
Mary Macken-Horarik (School of Education, Faculty of The Professions, University of New England)
This article investigates the potential of
systemic functional linguistics (SFL) for exploring students'
achievements in writing, thus moving beyond “deficit models” of grammar
in school English. It considers the semantic features of successful
interpretations of examination narratives, using what I call the
“symbolic reading”. Halliday has suggested that we need to distinguish
between grammar and grammatics, with the grammatics viewed as
independent from but sensitive to language in use. In this article, I
apply his notion of grammatics to analyze the linguistic basis of
students' interpretive achievements. The article investigates three
aspects of A-range interpretations of different narratives. These
symbolic readings indicate a preference for relational transitivity of
a synoptic kind, an ability to reformulate story significance through
elaboration and rhetorical “spans” between material semiosis (in Theme)
and abstract significance (in New). The analysis brings to light what
often appears entirely intuitive on the part of successful English
students but is nevertheless crucial to their success in examination
English. The final section of the article considers some implications
of the grammatics for teachers who want to prepare their students to
read unfamiliar narratives symbolically.